Taking advantage of a historic opportunity? A critical review of the literature on TOD in China

Jean-François Doulet; Aurélien Delpirou; Teddy Delaunay

doi:10.5198/jtlu.2015.633

PDF

Published

2016-01-07

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 1 (2017)

Section

Articles

License

Authors who publish with JTLU agree to the following terms: 1) Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial License 4.0 that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. 2) Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal. 3) Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.

How to Cite

Doulet, J.-F., Delpirou, A., & Delaunay, T. (2016). Taking advantage of a historic opportunity? A critical review of the literature on TOD in China. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2015.633

Taking advantage of a historic opportunity? A critical review of the literature on TOD in China

Jean-François Doulet

University Paris-East Créteil / Lab'Urba

Aurélien Delpirou

University Paris-East Créteil / Lab'Urba

Teddy Delaunay

University Paris-East Créteil / Lab'Urba

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2015.633

Keywords: TOD, China, Land Use, Transportation, Urban Planning, Transportation planning

Abstract

Since the term was coined in the United States in the early 1990s, the concept of transit-oriented development (TOD) has enjoyed worldwide success. For emerging countries that are both experiencing fast urban growth and involved in the development of mass transit transportation networks, innovative planning practices are needed. Researchers have identified the recent development of subway networks in Chinese cities as an opportunity to implement TOD principles. Based on an extensive literature review, including Chinese sources, this paper aims to identify the way in which the concept of TOD has led to the emergence of a challenging research field dedicated to the integration of urban and transportation planning in China. Results from grounded studies have failed to prove that Chinese cities are "real" TOD cities in the formal sense; however, they are useful for identifying the key factors behind the lack of integration between transportation and urban development that are likely to influence planning, design, and research practice in China in the future.

Author Biographies

Jean-François Doulet, University Paris-East Créteil / Lab'Urba

Assistant Professor in urban planning Paris-Est University

Aurélien Delpirou, University Paris-East Créteil / Lab'Urba

Associate Professor in urban planning Paris-East University

Teddy Delaunay, University Paris-East Créteil / Lab'Urba

Phd student in urban planning Paris-East University

References

Bertaud, A. 2007. Urbanization in China: Land use efficiency issues. China Land Use Report (6). http://alain-bertaud.com/AB_Files/AB_China_land_use_report_6.pdf.

Bernick, M., and R. Cervero. 1996. Transit Villages in the 21st Century. Washington, DC: McGraw-Hill Companies.

Bertolini, L., and T. Spit. 1998. Cities on Rail—The Redevelopment of Railway Station Areas. London: Routledge.

Boarnet, M. G., and S. Sarmiento. 1998. Can land-use policy really affect travel behavior? A study of the link between non-work travel and land-use characteristics. Urban Studies 35(7): 1155–1169.

Boarnet, M. G., and N. S. Compin. 1999. Transit-oriented development in San Diego County: The incremental implementation of a planning idea. The Journal of the American Planning Association 65(1): 80–95.

Brearley, J., and Q. Fang. 2010. Networks Cities. Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press.

Bruce, C. 2012. Transit-Oriented Development in China: Designing a New Transit-Oriented Neighborhood in Hexi New Town, Nanjing, Based on Hong Kong Case Studies: DSN/School of Planning and Media Design, Bleking Institute of Technology, Nanjing Forestry University.

Calthorpe, P. 1993. The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream. Princeton: Princeton Architectural Press.

Calthorpe, P. 2012. Weapons of mass urban destruction. China’s cities are making the same mistake America made on the path to superpower status. Foreign Policy 195: 68–71. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/08/13/weapons_of_mass_urban_destruction.

Campanella, T. J. 2008. The Concrete Dragon. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.

Carlton, I. 2009. Histories of Transit-Oriented Development: Perspectives on the Development of the TOD Concept. Berkeley, CA: IURD Working Paper Series. http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/7wm9t8r6.

Cervero, R. 1998. The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Cervero, R., and K. Kockelman. 1997. Travel demand and the 3 D’s: density, diversity and design. Transportation Research Record 2(3): 199–219.

Cervero, R. et al. 2004. Transit-Oriented Development in the United States: Experiences, Challenges, and Prospects. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

Cervero, R., and J. Day. 2008. Suburbanization and transit-oriented development in China. Transport Policy 15(5): 315–323.

Cervero, R., and J. Murakami. 2009. Rail and property development in Hong Kong: Experiences and extensions. Urban Studies 46(10): 2019–2043.

Chatman, D. G. 2006. Transit-oriented Development and Household Travel: A Study of California Cities. Los Angeles: California Department of Transportation.

Chen, X. 2010. Prospect of the transport-oriented development in China. Management Research and Practice 2(1): 83–93.

Chorus, P., and L. Bertolini. 2011. An application of the node place model to explore the spatial development dynamics of station areas in Tokyo. The Journal of Transport and Land Use 4(1): 45–58. doi: 10.5198/jtlu.v4i1.145.

Curtis, C., J. L. Renne, and L. Bertolini (eds.). 2009. Transit Oriented Development—Making It Happen. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited.

Dai, G., W. Salet, and J. De Vries. 2011. Why high-speed railway stations continue China’s leapfrog urbanization: Institutional parameters of urban development. China City Planning Review 22(1): 49–59.

Delaunay, T. 2012. La cohérence entre la planification urbaine et la planification des transports en Chine, le cas de Nankin. Mémoire de Master 1, Institut d’Urbanisme de Paris.

Deng, T., and J. D. Nelson. 2010. The impact of bus rapid transit on land development: A case study of Beijing, China. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 42: 1182–1192. http://waset.org/publications/14464/the-impact-of-bus-rapid-transit-on-land-development-a-case-study-of-beijing-china.

Dill, J. 2006. Travel and Transit Use at Portland Area Transit-Oriented Developments (TODs). Seattle: Transportation Northwest (TransNow). http://web.pdx.edu/~jdill/Files/Dill_Final_Report_TODs_May_2006.pdf.

Dittmar, H., and G. Ohland (eds.). 2003. The New Transit Town: Best Practices in Transit-Oriented Development. Washington, DC: Island Press.

Doulet, J. F. 1998. Suburbia on the move. Beijing fast-tracks Northern Commuter Line. China Infrastructure Newsletter 3(8): 5–6.

Doulet, J. F. 2005. La mobilité urbaine en Chine. L’Information Géographique 65: 55–65.

Doulet, J. F., and J. Ramos-Doulet. 2012. Géopolitique du TGV Chinois. Paris: Les Éditions de la Vie du Rail.

Doulet, J. F. 2015. L’urbanisme chinois et l’émergence du modèle « intégrationniste ». Métropolitiques. http://www.metropolitiques.eu/L-urbanisme-chinois-et-l-emergence.html.

Duduta, N., M. Shirgaokar, E. Deakin, and X. Zhang. 2010. An integrated approach to sustainable transportation, land use and building design, the case of Luokou District, Jinan, China. World Conference on Transport Research, July 11–15, Lisbon. http://iis-db.stanford.edu/evnts

/5939/Duduta_Integrated_Approach_to_Sustainable.pdf.

Dunphy, R., R. Cervero, F. Dock, M. McAvey, and D. R. Porter. 2004. Developing Around Transit: Strategies and Solutions That Work. Washington, D.C.: Urban Land Institute.

European Union. 2007. Leipzig Charter on Sustainable European Cities. http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/archive/themes/urban/leipzig_charter.pdf.

Ewing, R., and R. Cervero. 2001. Travel and the built environment: A synthesis. Transportation Research Record 1780: 87–114.

Gard, J. 2007. Innovative intermodal solutions for urban transportation paper award: Quantifying transit-oriented development’s ability to change travel behavior. ITE Journal 77(11): 42–46. http://www.ite.org/membersonly/itejournal/pdf/2007/JB07KA42.pdf.

Goethals, S. 2011. The influence of interactions between urban and transportation planning through the transforming structures of Chinese big cities. How to integrate current decentralized concentration and urban mobility management? 47th ISOCARP Congress, October 24–28, Wuhan, China. http://www.isocarp.net/data/case_studies/1888.pdf.

Gu, Y., and S. Zheng. 2008. The impacts of rail transit on housing prices and land development intensity: The case of No. 13 line in Beijing. Research in Transportation Economics 40(1): 124–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1150058.

Huang, W., and X. Su. 2010. Transit oriented community development based on TOD theory: The example of Hangzhou. Urban Planning Forum 7(1): 151–156. [In Chinese].

Hyungun, S., and O. Ju-Taek. 2011. Transit-oriented development in a high-density city: Identifying its association with transit ridership in Seoul, Korea. Cities 28: 70–82.

Jiang, Y., L. Feng, J. Hao, H. Peng, and H. Wu. 2009. Study on the Reform of Transport Institutional System in Chinese Central Cities. Beijing: China Urban Sustainable Transport Research Center.

Katz, P. 1994. The New Urbanism: Toward Architecture of Community. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Lin, X. 2013. Is TOD an effective solution for mega city’s traffic congestions? Case study of Shenzhen (SZ), China. Master thesis in urban planning. Berlin: Technische Universität.

Liu C., H. Pan, and X. Jia. 2011. The influence of rail transit on the planning and development of metropolitan peri-urban areas. Urban Planning Forum 6(198): 60–67. [In Chinese].

Loo, B. P., C. Chen, and E. T. Chan. 2010. Rail-based transit-oriented development: Lessons from New York City and Hong Kong. Landscape and Urban Planning 97: 202–212. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1850414.

Luscher, D. R. 1995. The odds on TODs: Transit-oriented development as a congestion-reduction strategy in the San Francisco Bay area. Berkeley Planning Journal 10(1): 55–74.

Ma, L. 2010. How to improve the procedures of urban comprehensive transportation system planning. Urban Transport of China 8(5): 1–5. [In Chinese].

Næss, P. 2010. Residential location, travel, and energy use in the Hangzhou metropolitan area. Journal of Transport and Land Use 3(3): 27–59. doi: 10.5198/jtlu.v3i3.98.

Ng, W. S., L. Schipper, and Y. Chen. 2010. China motorization trends: New directions for crowded cities. Journal of Transport and Land Use 3(3): 5–25. doi: 10.5198/jtlu.v3i3.151.

Pan, H., Q. Shen, and M. Zhang. 2009. Influence of urban form on travel behavior in four neighborhoods of Shanghai. Urban Studies 46(2): 275–294. doi: 10.1177/0042098008099355.

Pan, H., and J. F. Doulet. 2010. The emergence of mobility services in China. China City Planning Review 4: 28–31.

Project for Public Spaces. 1997. The Role of Transit in Creating Livable Metropolitan Communities. Washington, DC: Transit Cooperative Research Program, National Research Council.

Renne, J. L. 2007. Measuring the Performance of Transit-Oriented Developments in Western Australia. New Orleans: Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy. http://www.vtpi.org/renne_tod_performance.pdf.

Renne, J. L. 2009. From transit-adjacent to transit-oriented development. The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability 14(1): 1–15. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13549830802522376#.UpnK1SegvTo.

Salzberg, A., S. Mehndiratta, and Z. Liu. 2012. Urban rail development in China. Transportation Research Record 2275: 49–57. http://trb.metapress.com/content/n61v240786373686/.

Searle, G., S. Darchen, and S. Huston. 2014. Positive and negative factors for transit oriented development: Case studies from Brisbane, Melbourne and Sydney. Urban Policy and Research 32(4): 437–457.

Spear, J. 2006. Urban Transport Themes in China and Lessons from International Experience. Henley-in-Arden, UK: Association for European Transport. http://abstracts.aetransport.org/paper/index/id/2338/confid/12.

Sun, T., and J. F. Doulet. 2015. Community-based mobility services as part of a sustainable transport system for suburban China. The example of shared shuttles (banche) in Shanghai. The Journal of Sustainable Mobility 1(3): 54–73.

Tan, M., X. Li, H. Xie, and C. Lu. 2005. Urban land expansion and arable land loss in China: A case study of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. Land Use Policy 22(3): 187–196. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264837704000377.

Tang S., M. Savy, and J. F. Doulet. 2011. High speed rail in China and its potential impacts on urban and regional development. Local Economy 26(5): 409–422.

Tao, W., S. Mehndiratta, and E. Deakin. 2010. Compulsory convenience? How large arterials and land use affect midblock crossing in Fushun, China. Journal of Transport and Land Use 3(3): 61–82. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.v3i3.110.

Verde, M. 2013. La contribution du concept de TOD au plan environnemental. Maîtrise en environnement, Université de Sherbrooke. http://www.usherbrooke.ca/environnement/fileadmin/sites/environnement/documents/Essais_2013/Verde_M__2013-07-02_.pdf.

Wu, F. 2015. Planning for Growth: Urban and Regional Planning in China. London: Routledge.

Xuan, J. 2009. Land-use/transport system in rapid developing Chinese cities: Case study in Shenzhen Metro Phase I’s Corridor. Master’s thesis. Hong Kong: University of Hong Kong.

Yang, J., and R. Gakenheimer. 2007. Assessing the transportation consequences of land use transformation in urban China. Habitat International 31(3–4): 345–353. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0197397507000306.

Yang, P. P. J., and S. H. Lew. 2009. An Asian model of TOD: The planning integration in Singapore. In Transit-Oriented Development: Making it Happen, edited by C. Curtis, J. L. Renne, and L. Bertolini, p. 91–109. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited.

Wang, J., J. Hu, and J. Zhang. 2010. Typical cases of TOD in China and abroad and its application in Shenzhen rail transit. Urban Rapid Rail Transit 23(2): 22–26. [In Chinese].

Zegras, C. 2010. Transport and land use in China: Introduction to the Special Issue. Journal of Transport and Land Use 3(3): 1–3. doi: 10.5198/jtlu.v3i3.270.

Zhang, M. 2007. Chinese edition of transit-oriented development. Transportation Research Record 2038: 120–127. http://trb.metapress.com/content/n5100622325r2471/.

Zhang, T. 2007. Innovation in Chinese urban governance: The Shanghai experience. In Governing Cities in a Global Era, edited by R. Hambleton and J. S. Gross, p. 113–124. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.

Zhang, F., and L. Lin. 2011. TOD-China Revisited: A Travel Outcome-Based Perspective. Hong Kong: Department of Urban Planning and Design, University of Hong Kong. 10.1109/IACP.2011.5982033.

Zhang, Q., W. Tian, Y. Zheng, and L. Zhang. 2010. Fuel consumption from vehicles of China until 2030 in energy scenarios. Journal of Energy Policy 38: 6860–6867. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421510005227.

Zhang, Y. 2011. The role of transit-oriented development in urban planning of cities in China. Master’s thesis, City: University of Florida. http://ufdc.ufl.edu/UFE0043845/00001.

Zhao, S., and Z. Yang. 2007. Rail transit oriented urban development in Dalian: Towards a new urban form. Presented at the European Transport Conference, October, the Netherlands. https://getinfo.de/app/Rail-transit-oriented-urban-development-in-Dalian/id/BLCP%3ACN068768092.

Zhao, H., Z. Zhang, and L. Jiang. 2007. Analysis and modeling on the spatial structure of urban land use: A case of Jinan, China. Chinese Journal of Population, Resources and Environment 5(2): 34–40. (In Chinese).