TY - JOUR AU - Tao, Tao AU - Lindsey, Greg AU - Cao, Jason AU - Wang, Jueyu PY - 2021/11/05 Y2 - 2024/03/28 TI - The effects of pedestrian and bicycle exposure on crash risk in Minneapolis JF - Journal of Transport and Land Use JA - JTLU VL - 14 IS - 1 SE - Articles DO - 10.5198/jtlu.2021.1980 UR - https://jtlu.org/index.php/jtlu/article/view/1980 SP - 1187-1208 AB - <p>Exposure to risk is a theoretically important correlate of crash risk, but many safety performance functions (SPFs) for pedestrian and bicycle traffic have yet to include the mode-specific measures of exposure. When SPFs are used in the systematic approach to assess network-wide crash risk, the omission of the exposure potentially could affect the identification of high-risk locations. Using crash data from Minneapolis, this study constructs and compares two sets of SPFs, one with pedestrian and bicycle exposure variables and the other without, for network-wide intersection and mid-block crash models. Inclusion of mode-specific exposure variables improves model validity and measures of goodness-of-fit and increases accuracy of predictions of pedestrian and bicycle crash risk. Including these exposure variables in the SPFs changes the distribution of high-risk locations, including the proportion of high-risk locations in low-income and racially concentrated areas. These results confirm the importance of incorporating exposure measures within SPFs and the need for pedestrian and bicycle monitoring programs to generate exposure data.</p> ER -