Exploring links between the sustainability performance of urban public transport and land use in international cities
Graham Currie
Public Transport Research Group, Monash University
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7190-7548
Chris De Gruyter
Public Transport Research Group, Monash University
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5198/jtlu.2018.957
Keywords: Public transport, transit, sustainability, land use, cities, world review
Abstract
Sustainability is a major driver of world policy for cities, and public transport is said to be a more sustainable mode of travel than other modes. But how do public transport (PT) systems in different cities compare to each other? This paper measures the relative sustainability of public transport systems between cities rather than between modes within cities. However, its primary focus is to explore the extent to which public transport sustainability is influenced by land use. Do cities with low-density land use automatically have poor sustainability performance? Do high-density megacities always have good sustainability performance relative to other cities? Does land use mean some cities cannot improve sustainability performance? These are some of the questions this research seeks to explore through an empirical study of land use and PT sustainability metrics using correlation/cross sectional and regression analyses. Results suggest that westernized, developed countries (Western Europe, North America, and Oceania) have good environmental and social sustainability performance but poor service effectiveness and economic performance. Asia and Latin America perform the other way around, better on economic and service effectiveness and worse on social and economic performance. Eastern Europe is the one region with higher sustainability performance all around. Prague, Dakar and Tokyo are at the top of 98 cities studied, while Dubai, Shizuoka (Japan), Denver, and Johannesburg perform the worst. Land-use results show that population and job density present the highest correlation with PT sustainability metrics, implying that about a third of overall sustainability performance of public transport in cities might be explained by land use. Higher-density land use improves sustainability performance. A wider range of land-use indicators is more strongly correlated with the service effectiveness categories of sustainability indicators and to less strongly correlated with the economic sustainability indicators, suggesting that Western cities with poor service effectiveness and economic sustainability performance should densify cities to address sustainability challenges. Policy implications and areas for future research are explored.Author Biography
Graham Currie, Public Transport Research Group, Monash University
Prof Currie is a renowned international Public Transport research leader and policy advisor with over 30 years experience. He has published more research papers in leading international peer research journals in this field than any other researcher in the world. He is founder of the ‘World Transit Research’ clearinghouse (www.worldtransitresearch.info) which has consolidated all research in this field into a single accessible source and is now used by over 8,000 towns and cities in over 170 countries worldwide. Professor Currie has worked for some of the worlds leading Public Transport Operators including London Transport, and he has managed numerous Public Transport research and development projects internationally. Prof Currie’s experience spans Project Management, Demand Forecasting, Planning Methods in Public Transport, Regulatory Reviews, Efficiency and Performance Benchmarking, Training, Market Research, Investment Appraisal and Financial and Economic Analysis. Graham is also a specialist advisor to international agencies on planning transport for special events and has worked on all the summer Olympic Games since 1996 and the Hajj pilgrimage in Mekka. Graham holds one of the worlds first full Professorships specializing in Public Transport. In this role he aims to develop knowledge and training for the public transport profession on a national and international basis.References
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